The State Duma has a total of 450 seats (members of parliament) with a term of 5 years. The main functions of the representatives are to pass federal laws, declare amnesties, and agree to the president's appointment of heads of government. The current State Duma is the seventh and was elected in September 2016. There are 4 parliamentary groups, namely the United Russia Party Group (343 seats), the Russian Communist Party Group (42 seats), the Just Russia Party Group (23 seats), and the Russian Liberal Democratic Party Group (39 seats).
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the President of the Russian Federation, as the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the rights and freedoms of people and citizens, takes measures to safeguard the sovereignty, independence and national integrity of the Russian Federation in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the Constitution of the Russian Federation to guarantee state power Organs perform functions in a coordinated manner and cooperate with each other; determine the basic direction of the country's domestic and foreign policies. The President of Russia has the right to appoint the chairman of the government (prime minister) with the consent of the State Duma, and to appoint and remove deputy prime ministers and ministers according to the prime minister’s recommendation. Have the right to preside over government meetings and revoke the government’s decisions in violation of the law; have the right to submit draft laws to the State Duma, sign or reject the laws that will be passed by resolutions, issue a State of the Union address to the parliament, determine a referendum, and issue presidential decree; Election of horses, convening and disbanding the State Duma; leading foreign policy, having the right to sign treaties, appoint and recall representatives abroad, and accept foreign envoys.
This department is the legislative body of the federal government, which was established to ensure the coordination of the legislative activities of the federal government with the federal executive agency; formulate and approve various draft government regulations, etc.
The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is the permanent regulatory agency of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU, formerly known as the Customs Union) and has been in operation since February 2, 2012. The main purpose of the Eurasian Economic Commission is to provide conditions for the operation and development of EAEU, and to make recommendations for the further development of the alliance. Currently, the European Economic Union has five countries: the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation. The European Economic Community (now the European Union) has the status of a supranational regulatory agency, and its activities are guided by the interests of countries participating in the Eurasian economic integration project, rather than stimulating decision-making in the interests of any national government. EEC's decision is binding on the territories of EAEU member states.
On November 27, 2009, the heads of state of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan signed the "Customs Union Customs Code", marking the official establishment of the "Russian-Belarus-Kazakhstan Customs Union". Since January 1, 2010, the three countries will implement uniform tax rates (some commodities have a transition period); from July 1, Russia and Belarus will be the first to cancel customs; from July 1, 2011, Russia and Kazakhstan will Cancel customs. At this point, a population of 170 million, oil reserves of 90 billion barrels, total GDP of US$2 trillion, industrial output value of 600 billion, agricultural output value of 112 billion, wheat production accounted for 12% of world output, exports accounted for 17%, commodity A unified economy with a turnover of 900 billion US dollars. This indicates that the "unified economic space" dominated by Russia has begun to take shape. The Customs Union Committee is the only permanent coordinating body of the Union. It has the power to deal with all matters related to the operation of the Union, such as formulating foreign trade product catalogs, import and export tax rates, preferential tax rates and quota policies, and studying and implementing non-tariff adjustment measures. The decisions made by the Customs Union Commission are super-sovereign in nature, and the decisions of the Commission are more effective than the domestic laws of member states. If there is any objection, it can be submitted to the supreme body of the alliance-the transnational committee for settlement.
The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is a federal executive agency that is mainly responsible for formulating national policies and laws and regulations in the agricultural sector, including agricultural products markets, raw materials and food, food processing industries, sustainable rural development and land relations. The Ministry is responsible for coordinating and controlling the activities of the Federal Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision Service (Rosselkhoznadzor) and the Federal Fisheries Service (Rosrybolovstvo) and other food safety-related departments.
The Russian Federal Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision Service (Россельхознадзора) is under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and is mainly responsible for the safe use of pesticides and agrochemicals; the quality and safety of grains and animal feed; by-products of grain processing, etc.
The Russian Federal Fisheries Agency is subordinate to the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and is one of the federal executive agencies. It is mainly responsible for federal state control (supervision) in the field of fishery and aquatic biological resource protection in the waters of the Russian Federation; supervises the navigation safety of the fishing fleet during the fishing season. etc.
The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation is a federal executive agency, which mainly performs the functions of formulating national policies and legal supervision in the field of federal finance. The departments related to food safety under this department include: the Russian Federal Customs and the Federal Alcohol Market Supervision Agency.
The General Administration of Customs of the Russian Federation is a federal executive agency: it performs the control and supervision functions in the customs field in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation; special checkpoints on the state borders of the Russian Federation check whether products imported into the Russian Federation in the veterinary field conform to tAccording to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the President of the Russian Federation, as the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the rights and freedoms of citizens, takes measures to safeguard the sovereignty, independence and national integrity of the Russian Federation in accordance with the procedures stipulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and to ensure the coordination of state authorities Perform functions and cooperate with each other locally; determine the basic direction of the country’s domestic and foreign policies.he Eurasian economy Whether the documents of the alliance law meet the requirements, to ensure that the regulated products meet the quality and safety of food raw materials, materials and products in the field of hygiene and epidemiology.
The Federal Alcohol Market Supervision Agency (FARAR) of the Russian Federation is the federal executive agency responsible for formulating and implementing government policies and laws and regulations in the production and distribution of ethanol, alcohol products and any alcohol-containing products. In order to protect the legality of citizens' use of alcohol, the mobile application nTRAFAKT ALCO developed by the bureau can query: Determine the legality of alcoholic beverages based on the data of the Unified National Automated Information System; determine the legality of alcoholic beverages sold at the point of sale; find the nearest Legal sales points of alcoholic beverages and reporting violations of alcohol market regulations to the Federal Service Agency, etc.
The Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation is one of the federal executive agencies, with more than ten ministries and commissions, among which the lower level organizations related to food safety are the Federal Bureau of Technical Supervision and Metrology.
The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation is responsible for coordinating and controlling the activities of the Federal Medical Supervision Agency, the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, the Federal Government Agency and the single federal state enterprise under its jurisdiction, and coordinating the activities of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund.
This department is a federal executive agency with powers divided into the central and local levels. Its functions mainly include: (1) Responsible for formulating and implementing laws and regulations on consumer protection rights; formulating and approving public policies, laws and regulations and health standards in the field of national health and epidemiological rules; organizing and implementing federal state-level health and epidemiological monitoring; performing government Supervision function in the field of consumer protection. (2) Publish the epidemic situation of the country and the world; publish recommendations on food safety and health on the official website during major holidays; publish information about non-compliance of food and other products; accept consumer complaints (call or leave a message, etc.)
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation is one of the federal executive agencies. It is mainly responsible for the research, utilization and protection of natural resources to perform the functions of national policy formulation and legal supervision, ensuring the rational and safe use of natural resources, and avoiding the depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation ,lay a solid foundation for the use of natural resources for future generations.
The Russian Federal Agency for Technical Supervision and Metrology is one of the federal executive agencies. It was established in accordance with the Presidential Decree N649 "Adjustment of the Federal Government Executive Agency" issued on May 20, 2004. Its main functions are: approve national standards, pass plans for formulating national standards, organize the review of draft national standards, etc.
