Due to the differences in agriculture, environment and biodiversity, economy, trade and culture among countries, countries have different genetic safety management systems and regulations based on their own interests, needs and national conditions based on scientific principles.
The United States mainly follows the "substantial equivalence principle" and implements a product-based management model, which emphasizes whether the product itself has substantial safety issues, rather than whether it uses genetically modified technology. Whether it is genetically modified products, the government only takes control measures when there is scientific evidence to prove that it has safety problems and may cause damage. This is consistent with the scientific principle that the US FDA has consistently upheld, which is: only investigating whether new substances in edible or medical routes have safety issues for humans, regardless of what technology make the substance. The US applies the "substantial equivalence principle" in risk analysis, and does not separately legislate on genetic modification, but implements a management system in which multiple departments are divided and coordinated according to existing functions.
Correspondingly, the EU mainly adopts the "precautionary principle", emphasizing process safety evaluation management, which pay attention to whether genetically modified technology is used in the research and development process, and managing and restricting it through special regulations.
China follows the internationally accepted guidelines, comprehensively draws on the practices of the United States and the European Union, and according to its own national and agricultural conditions, safety evaluations are aimed at both products and processes to ensure product safety.
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